Potato Wart

Synchytrium endobioticum

Also known as: Black Wart of Potato

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Phylum Chytridiomycota
Family Synchytriaceae
Conservation Not applicable - agricultural pathogen under strict control

Complete Taxonomy

Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Chytridiomycota
Class: Chytridiomycetes
Order: Synchytriales
Family: Synchytriaceae
Genus: Synchytrium
Species: S. endobioticum

Description

Synchytrium endobioticum is an obligate parasite of potato plants, causing black wart disease. This devastating pathogen induces tumor-like growths on tubers and stems, rendering potatoes unmarketable. Resting spores can survive in soil for decades. It's a quarantine pathogen in many countries, and infected fields may be banned from potato cultivation. Resistant potato varieties are the primary control method.

Physical Characteristics

Cap Shape: Microscopic; causes wart-like galls on host tissue
Cap Color: Causes black, cauliflower-like warts on potatoes
Size: Warts 1-5 cm; organism itself microscopic
Gill Attachment: N/A
Spore Print: N/A
Stipe: Intracellular parasite; no hyphae
Habitat: Obligate parasite of potato plants
Fruiting Season: Produces resting spores in soil; requires host for completion

Distribution

Europe, parts of Asia, Africa, and Americas; quarantine restrictions limit spread

Habitat

Obligate parasite of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and related species. Survives as resting spores in soil for 30+ years.

Ecological Role

Highly specialized obligate parasite of Solanaceae, particularly potato. Regulates susceptible host populations in natural systems.

Cultural Significance

Major agricultural quarantine pathogen. Subject of strict regulations globally. Historical economic impact led to development of resistant potato varieties and quarantine systems.

Fascinating Facts

  • Resting spores survive in soil for 30-40 years
  • Can destroy entire potato crops
  • Quarantine pathogen in most countries
  • Resistant potato varieties bred specifically against this disease
  • Infected fields may be prohibited from growing potatoes for decades
  • Only affects potato and related Solanaceae
  • Spread through infected tubers and contaminated soil
  • Intracellular parasite - lives inside plant cells