Sickener
Russula emetica
Also known as: Emetic Russula, Vomiting Russula
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Complete Taxonomy
Description
Russula emetica, aptly named the sickener, is a toxic mushroom that causes severe gastrointestinal distress if consumed. Its bright red cap makes it conspicuous in forests, particularly near conifers and in boggy areas. While not deadly, it causes violent vomiting and diarrhea. The name "emetica" means "causing vomiting." It's part of a large, difficult-to-identify genus where many species require microscopic examination.
Physical Characteristics
Distribution
Northern Hemisphere in temperate and boreal regions
Habitat
Forms ectomycorrhizal associations with conifers, particularly pine and spruce, in acidic soils and boggy woodland.
Ecological Role
Forms ectomycorrhizal partnerships with coniferous trees. Important in nutrient cycling in boreal and temperate coniferous forests.
⚠️ Toxicity Warning
Causes severe vomiting and diarrhea within 30 minutes to 2 hours. Not lethal but extremely unpleasant. Contains unidentified toxins that irritate gastrointestinal tract.
Cultural Significance
Classic example of toxic mushroom. Name reflects its emetic properties. Used in mycology education to demonstrate Russula identification challenges.
Fascinating Facts
- Name literally means "causing vomiting"
- Taste test (spit out, don't swallow) reveals hot, peppery, burning taste
- Bright red color warns of toxicity
- Flesh and stipe do not discolor when damaged
- Part of notoriously difficult genus to identify
- Over 750 Russula species worldwide
- Fragile - breaks like chalk
- Some Russula species edible; identification critical