Birch Polypore

Piptoporus betulinus

Also known as: Razor Strop Fungus, Birch Bracket

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Edibility inedible
Phylum Basidiomycota
Family Fomitopsidaceae
Conservation Least Concern; common wherever birch grows

Complete Taxonomy

Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Polyporales
Family: Fomitopsidaceae
Genus: Piptoporus
Species: P. betulinus

Description

Piptoporus betulinus, the birch polypore, is a bracket fungus that grows exclusively on birch trees. It has been used medicinally for millennia and was found among Ötzi the Iceman's possessions (though likely used for tinder rather than medicine). Historically used to sharpen razors (hence "razor strop fungus"), as well as for various medicinal purposes. It causes brown rot in birch trees.

Physical Characteristics

Cap Shape: Kidney or hoof-shaped bracket
Cap Color: Smooth, pale brown to grayish-brown upper surface; white pore surface; 5-30 cm wide
Size: 5-30 cm wide, 2-6 cm thick
Gill Attachment: No gills; tiny white pores on underside
Spore Print: White
Stipe: No stipe; attached directly to birch bark
Habitat: Saprotroph exclusive to birch trees (Betula species)
Fruiting Season: Annual; fruits late summer to winter, persists through winter

Distribution

Northern Hemisphere in temperate and boreal regions

Habitat

Grows exclusively on dead and dying birch trees. Causes brown cubical rot. Remains on tree through winter.

Ecological Role

Decomposes birch wood, causing brown rot. Important in birch forest ecosystems. Creates habitat for insects and cavity-nesting birds.

Medicinal & Nutritional Properties

  • Traditional use as styptic to stop bleeding
  • Antibacterial and antiviral compounds
  • Anti-inflammatory properties
  • May support immune system
  • Traditionally used for intestinal parasites
  • Contains triterpenes with potential anti-cancer properties
  • Used in traditional medicine across Northern Europe and Asia

Cultural Significance

Found with Ötzi the Iceman (5,300 years ago). Used historically to sharpen razors. Traditional medicine across birch's range. Modern research into medicinal compounds. Easy to identify due to exclusive birch association.

Fascinating Facts

  • Grows only on birch trees
  • Carried by Ötzi the Iceman 5,300 years ago
  • Used historically to sharpen razors
  • Pore surface was used as primitive paper
  • Can be cut into strips and used as bandages
  • Antibacterial properties prevent wound infection
  • Dried specimens remain useful for years
  • Modern research into anti-tumor compounds