Saffron Milk Cap

Lactarius deliciosus

Also known as: Red Pine Mushroom, Delicious Milk Cap

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Edibility edible
Phylum Basidiomycota
Family Russulaceae
Conservation Least Concern

Complete Taxonomy

Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Russulales
Family: Russulaceae
Genus: Lactarius
Species: L. deliciosus

Description

Lactarius deliciosus is a prized edible mushroom that exudes orange-colored latex (milk) when cut or damaged. The scientific name "deliciosus" reflects its culinary reputation, particularly in Mediterranean and Eastern European cuisines. It forms mycorrhizal associations with pine trees and is distinguished by its orange color that stains green with age. The carrot-orange latex is a key identifying feature.

Physical Characteristics

Cap Shape: Convex with enrolled margin, becoming depressed to funnel-shaped
Cap Color: Bright orange with darker concentric zones, staining green; 4-14 cm diameter
Size: 4-14 cm diameter
Gill Attachment: Decurrent, orange, staining green when bruised
Spore Print: Pale yellow-cream
Stipe: Cylindrical, hollow, orange with darker spots, staining green; 3-6 cm tall
Habitat: Mycorrhizal with pine species
Fruiting Season: Late summer to fall

Distribution

Europe, Asia, North America; introduced to Australia and New Zealand

Habitat

Forms ectomycorrhizal associations with various pine species in coniferous forests, plantations, and sandy soils.

Ecological Role

Forms ectomycorrhizal partnerships with pine trees, facilitating nutrient exchange. Important component of pine forest ecosystems.

Medicinal & Nutritional Properties

  • Good source of protein and dietary fiber
  • Contains essential amino acids
  • Rich in minerals including potassium
  • Antioxidant properties
  • Traditional use for digestive health

Cultural Significance

Highly valued in Spanish (rovellón), Catalan, and Eastern European cuisines. Ancient Romans prized it. Often grilled, sautéed, or preserved in olive oil. Commands good prices in markets. Popular recreational foraging target.

Fascinating Facts

  • Exudes bright orange "milk" when cut
  • Stains green with age or bruising
  • Name means "delicious" in Latin
  • Ancient Romans considered it a delicacy
  • Orange latex contains antimicrobial compounds
  • Flavors improve when cooked with garlic and parsley
  • Can be preserved in olive oil
  • Several similar species easily confused (L. salmonicolor, L. deterrimus)