Tinder Fungus
Fomes fomentarius
Also known as: Horse's Hoof Fungus, Ice Man Fungus
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Complete Taxonomy
Description
Fomes fomentarius is a hoof-shaped bracket fungus that grows on dead and dying hardwood trees. It has been used by humans for thousands of years as tinder for starting fires, as evidenced by its presence in Ötzi the Iceman's equipment from 5,300 years ago. The fungus was also processed into amadou, a felt-like material used for various purposes from fly fishing to traditional medicine. It causes white rot in trees.
Physical Characteristics
Distribution
Northern Hemisphere in temperate regions
Habitat
Grows on dead and dying hardwood trees, particularly birch, beech, oak, and maple. Causes white rot, decomposing lignin.
Ecological Role
Important decomposer of hardwood, causing white rot. Creates cavities used by birds and insects. Long-lived brackets persist for years on dead trees.
Medicinal & Nutritional Properties
- Traditional use for stopping bleeding (styptic)
- Anti-inflammatory compounds
- Antibacterial properties
- Used in traditional Chinese and European medicine
- May have anti-tumor properties (ongoing research)
- Historically used in dentistry as absorbent material
Cultural Significance
Found with Ötzi the Iceman (5,300 years old). Processed into amadou (touchwood) for fire-starting and tinder. Used in fly fishing. Manufactured into hats, bags, and clothing. Historical use in surgery and dentistry. Traditional medicine across cultures.
Fascinating Facts
- Carried by Ötzi the Iceman 5,300 years ago
- Processed into amadou, a felt-like material
- Burns slowly like charcoal when dried
- Used for fire-starting across millennia
- Inner layer can be made into clothing and hats
- Perennial - adds growth layer each year
- Can persist on dead trees for decades
- Smoke from burning amadou used in beekeeping to calm bees