Golden Chanterelle

Cantharellus cibarius

Also known as: Girolle

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Edibility edible
Phylum Basidiomycota
Family Cantharellaceae
Conservation Least Concern, though habitat loss affects some populations

Complete Taxonomy

Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Cantharellales
Family: Cantharellaceae
Genus: Cantharellus
Species: C. cibarius

Description

Cantharellus cibarius, the golden chanterelle, is one of the most popular and widely recognized wild edible mushrooms. Its distinctive golden-yellow color, vase or funnel shape, and false gills (ridges) make it relatively easy to identify. Chanterelles have a delicate fruity aroma often described as apricot-like, with a mildly peppery taste. They form mycorrhizal associations and cannot be cultivated commercially.

Physical Characteristics

Cap Shape: Initially convex, becoming vase or funnel-shaped with wavy margins
Cap Color: Bright golden-yellow to egg-yolk yellow; 2-10 cm diameter
Size: 2-10 cm diameter
Gill Attachment: Forked, blunt-edged ridges (false gills) running down stipe
Spore Print: Pale yellow to cream
Stipe: Solid, same color as cap or paler, tapers downward; 3-8 cm tall
Habitat: Mycorrhizal with conifers and hardwoods in mossy forests
Fruiting Season: Summer through fall, depending on region

Distribution

Europe, Asia, North America, Africa

Habitat

Forms ectomycorrhizal partnerships with oak, beech, birch, pine, and spruce in well-established forests, often in mossy areas.

Ecological Role

Forms long-term ectomycorrhizal relationships with forest trees. Fruits typically appear in same locations year after year. Important indicator of old-growth forest health.

Medicinal & Nutritional Properties

  • High in vitamin D when exposed to sunlight
  • Good source of potassium and copper
  • Contains beta-carotene and vitamin C
  • Antioxidant properties
  • May have anti-inflammatory effects
  • Source of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2)

Cultural Significance

Prized in European cuisine, especially French, German, and Eastern European cooking. Subject of significant commercial and recreational foraging. Protected in some jurisdictions. Sells for $15-40/pound fresh.

Fascinating Facts

  • Name derives from Greek "kantharos" (cup) and Latin suffix
  • False gills distinguish from true gills of toxic lookalikes
  • Fruity apricot-like aroma is distinctive
  • Cannot be cultivated despite numerous attempts
  • Same patches fruit for decades when undisturbed
  • Tough texture; must be cooked slowly
  • Resistant to insect infestation unlike many mushrooms
  • Nuclear disaster at Chernobyl contaminated European populations with radioactive cesium